The transition would be very quick if fossil fuels were taxed according to their damage on health and climate change.
EVs would become comparatively cheap in a just few years, and their price would also come down very fast as the production of battery packs increased massively. The technology is already here, we just have to manufacture these cars and set up the charging network (already much cheaper than the fuel station infrastructure).
67% of US electricity is generated by fossil fuels, so for most people the price of electricity would skyrocket too.
Nuclear power accounts for 19%; those in a nuclear power plant's coverage zone would see EVs being cheaper than gasoline-powered cars, unless you factored in the nuclear waste storage problem. Those near powerful rivers can benefit from the 7% of electricity from hydropower dams.
Wind and solar together are less than 5% of US electricity generation and basically irrelevant as a source of power for our transportation needs.
EVs are not a panacea; cities are. Demolish the suburbs, build vertically, live within walking distance of things, and you won't need so much energy.
EVs would become comparatively cheap in a just few years, and their price would also come down very fast as the production of battery packs increased massively. The technology is already here, we just have to manufacture these cars and set up the charging network (already much cheaper than the fuel station infrastructure).