I don't know many people who want to try Communism again however Capitalism also has it's inherent flaws. While Communism suffers from lack of incentive Capitalism suffers from an incentive to plunder the environment for short term personal gain. Even as a huge fan of Universal Basic Income, a scheme that aims to provide the lowest common denominator with a passable quality of life, I can acknowledge that the environmental problem will not be magically solved. In order to succeed as a civilization we need to give up the idea that a single ideology holds all the answers. Good ideas are everywhere and to stick to one ideology exclusively is akin to religious madness. We have more scientific understanding now than every before yet when it comes to political ideology a large portion of society choses to ignore science and go with whatever narrative they have made up in their head that confirms their own biases.
Interesting thing it what will happen, in the future, when computers would-be improved enough to replace most human professions?
It is profitable for separate producers to use automated systems but unemployed people have no enough money to buy their products.
Will government regulate production like in socialistic economic model?
You're basically talking about a post-scarcity economy, which is coming in bits and pieces already. Based on what we've already seen with digital goods, the answer will probably be artificial scarcity by fiat, with (I would guess) approximately equivalent results. The letter of the law will assign virtually all property to a few holders of (intellectual) capital, who will lease it out at great cost and with unreasonable restrictions. People will break the law regularly of course, and it will be loosely enforced - but most of the population will be law-breakers and thus subject to the whim of a police state.
Communism is flawed because not everyone is allowed to become a member of the Communist party to get perks and elite treatment. The government also controls prices and if they want the price of toilet paper to be low and the price of bread to be low, there will be a shortage of it because the organizations that make it won't earn much money and make it at a loss. Then there are lines for toilet paper and bread to wait for it to be made.
The military is always given priority in food, and the people get what is left over.
Some argue that the Communism that the USSR had was not the same as Marxism.
I had a Russian coworker once, he tried to quit smoking. He had smoked US cigarettes and he switched to Russian cigarettes because they tasted bad and he claimed having bad tasting cigarettes helped him quit. Something about Russian quality control not being as good as quality control in the USA.
But as AI, automation, and robots improve, they will do the jobs of human beings and put most of us out of work and then there will be a basic income to live on. Perhaps that is when Communism works when the technology does the work for us and doesn't need any motivation to work better.
Perhaps that is when Communism works when the technology does the work for us and doesn't need any motivation to work better.
No, because you still have the fundamental problem that broke Communism (and which was identified by von Mises and others in the early 20th Century): the calculation problem.
This is not a solvable problem. Creating an 'artificial market' is akin to predicting the weather in great detail 75 years from now. You might, might be able to say "it's likely to be a bit warmer on average", but you could certainly never say "it'll be raining at 11:00 that day". It's simply impossible.
I thought the USA outspending the USSR, forcing resource exhaustion is what broke communism.
If you have unlimited renewable energy, self-driving electric vehicles, IBM's watson providing clinical expertise instead of doctors, etc, you could provide socialism without taking from people (because labor no longer has value compared to software and automation).
I thought the USA outspending the USSR, forcing resource exhaustion is what broke communism.
No, the problem was that without a market to provide prices, it was impossible to sensibly allocate resources (capital, labour).
It was possibly exacerbated by military competition with the USA, but it was inevitable for sound economic reasons.
Communism is a bad idea in theory as well as in practise.
If you have unlimited renewable energy, self-driving electric vehicles, IBM's watson providing clinical expertise instead of doctors, etc, you could provide socialism without taking from people (because labor no longer has value compared to software and automation).
Leaving aside the aforementioned calculation problem, no, you still have to take from people. Watson, electric vehicles, etc. don't (yet!) build and run themselves autonomously.
It'd be nice to think that you'd have to take less, as time goes on. But that's not proved true either; expenditure on socialist programs has increased over time, even as technology works to decrease the actual cost of providing goods and services.
Again, that's to be expected. If you give people the ability to vote themselves other peoples money, by and large, they'll do it.
I think Communism broke itself. There is the myth that Reagan created the SDI program that didn't really exist to make the USSR spend more on research for space based defense to catch up, but I think that is a red herring.
Communism would pay janitors more money than it paid scientists and engineers, simply because that janitor was a member of the Communist party. Many scientists and engineers defected from Russia to other countries to earn more money. Russia had some great products AK-47, Soyuz rocket and capsule, and sold the MIG to many nations as well.
Look at Greece right now, they had major socialist programs and they got into deep debt. The USSR got into deep debt as well with their socialist programs, and their military was expensive to maintain. Nations that owed them money like Afghanistan they invaded and the USA countered by training Osama bin Laden and the Taliban to fight then guerrilla style, on 9/11/2001 we wish we hadn't trained them.
The USA didn't outspend the USSR it out innovated it with science and technology. Apple, Microsoft, IBM, Intel, AMD, Dell, HP, Sun, etc all developed better hardware and software and the PC Industry with MS-DOS had programs that automated tasks and saved money. It wasn't Reaganomics that boosted the economy it was the tech industry that did so. US companies sold the technology to other nations and money started to flow into the US economy. This was back when technology was made in the USA, now it is made in China mostly.
A hole in the "USA out innovated" premise is that Silicon Valley was based on military spending. See Steve Blank's "Secret History" series for examples.
And, speaking more generally, the U.S. Department of Defense is the world's largest employer, 3.2 million strong. When taking into account benefits, pensions, etc., it may also be called the largest socialist program.
That statistic paints a big picture; it's not that having a market economy was sufficient to become the sole superpower of the 1990's. It was that the U.S. had a lot of centralized spending in "the right places at the right times" and then allowed the marketplace to pick up the results and run with them wherever convenient. However, it's very difficult to backpedal and reallocate now that this has been done, and the status quo probably won't change until a crisis motivates it.
The pattern of every emerging market - Japan, Korea, China - is that state power still entangles itself somehow, even if there is a marketplace at the low level. We have never had a "purely ideological" state anywhere.
To be honest, I find it frustrating when people trot out the old "sillicon valley was created by central planning" meme. If it were that easy to create a sillicon valley, there would be dozens of them by now. Believe me, Chinese bureacurats have tried. There are whole "ghost cities" in China that the government ordered built, but that people never moved into. http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2015/07/20/what-will-b...
The great entrepreneurs who built Sillicon Valley-- Shockley, Ellison, Jobs, and the rest-- were people who were driven to find funding wherever they could get it. If the government had said no, they would have gone (and often did go) to someone else. Similarly, the academics who are getting funding from DARPA or the DOD now would gladly accept funding from private sources as well. The money is just as green.
The military certainly jump-started many technologies by putting money into the hands of engineers and scientists-- in some cases, possibly even by years or decades. But those technologies would have been invented anyway, just on a slower timescale.
It wasn't inventing the technologies that gave the West an edge-- it was commercializing them. And for that you need businessmen, not bureaucrats. If the USSR could have produced a competitive semiconductor industry, the 1980s and 1990s would have looked much different. Instead, they couldn't even keep loaves of bread on the shelves.
The difference being in how those social programs were implemented and the taxes raised to cover the costs of them.
The USSR had a high cost in the military and suffered from economic stagnation. Unable to grow enough wheat they had to buy from the USA to feed their people.
Greece didn't raise taxes enough to cover their debts from social programs. As their economy grew worse the cost of health insurance rose and costed more.
A lot of European nations can afford socialist programs because they don't spend a lot on their military due to the USA protecting the European coasts after WW2.
Canada also does not spend a lot on their military due to a partnership with the USA to protect their coasts as well. So they have more money for socialist programs.
Japan and Britain haven't really been able to feed themselves for a 100 years. The Soviet Union before 1965 had high growth rates.
My thoughts are that when a countries central powers make good bets on human capital, infrastructure, and technology, then market economies can feed off of those and produce high rates of growth.
Brezhnev and his compatriots in the soviet union never let a vibrant consumer economy develop. And growth stagnated. Faced with the same problem in the early 80's the Chinese Communists implemented market reforms. That combined with previous investments in human capital, plus sometimes heavy handed restrictions on population growth appears to have been successful. (Also the Chinese were able to cut a deal with the US and Europe to allow mostly unfettered access to developed world markets, which the Soviets didn't have)
It's solvable if you remove ideology from loaded terms like communism, capitalism, socialism, etc. America certainly is not a pure capital system, it's a mix of regulations and financial forces and incentives.
Assuming unemployment will increase as production becomes more efficient across a wide variety of industries, I would not be surprised to see expanded forms of segregated economic systems implemented, similar to electronic food stamp type systems, maybe for basic income. Credit card data along with other sources of resource consumption records would easily make forms of central planning easier. To some extent, think tanks and hedge funds likely are already attempting to predict resource allocation but unfortunately it seems someone has come to the conclusion that frozen yogurt facilities should be in high demand rather than education or housing.
I imagine China is making somewhat of an attempt at centrally planned economic calculation.
America certainly is not a pure capital system, it's a mix of regulations and financial forces and incentives.
Yes, sadly.
It's solvable if you remove ideology from loaded terms like communism, capitalism, socialism, etc.
No, it's not.
Claiming that you can solve the calculation problem by ignoring economic ideology is like claiming you can solve the travelling salesman problem in O(N) time, if only you'd remove the ideology of P/NP :)
This is a problem of mathematics, not of ideology.
I imagine China is making somewhat of an attempt at centrally planned economic calculation.
I hear that's working out really well for them lately.
It is not a problem of mathematics. Most people confuse Mises's calculation problem with Hayek's knowledge problem (which is a mathematical issue). They are related but different. Hayek conceded that knowledge problem can be worked around by a supercomputer which can solve simultaneous differential equations to simulate the "artificial market". Mises never did that because that was not his main point. The ability of government to collect data (local knowledge) is not just what he calls into question. He calls into question the ability of government to reconcile individual preferences with scarcity. "The subjective use value of each is not immediately comparable as a purely individual phe- nomenon with the subjective use value of other men. It only becomes so in exchange value, which arises out of the interplay of the subjective valuations of all who take part in exchange."
Well yes it involves math, but ultimately it involves decisions by people on what to do with natural resources and consumption.
Yes. And both theory and history have shown that there is only one way to compute a chaotic system: let it run :)
That is, the only way to effectively allocate natural resources and consumption at the scale of a modern industrial economy is based upon market prices.
Austrian Economics has provided the theory of why this is so, and several large-scale experiments (including North Korea and the USSR) have demonstrated that the theory is correct.
We're starting to see countries with %20+ unemployment and simply describing that as an issue of mathematics would seem inadequate.
I didn't - or at least, I didn't mean to. What I meant to say was that socialism is fundamentally, theoretically, and practically broken.
If you're going to try to fix issues like 20% unemployment, unaffordable healthcare, horrendous pollution, and unaffordable housing, then you need to pick a mechanism that actually works :)
I think what you mean to say is that a planned economy is fundamentally, theoretically, and practically broken. Socialism doesn't necessarily mean a planned economy, there can be socialism with a market economy. Although I think some more economic planning is clearly necessary, just look at the environmental problems the "let it run" way of thinking has caused.
I think socialism is something that we need to transition into as our technology improves and does more work for us. What other option is there? If we don't have enough jobs for everyone, the only two options that I see are 1. We create new useless bullshit jobs just so we can continue using the current system of resource allocation, or 2. We create a system in which the means of production are at least partly owned by the society as a whole so the benefits of automation are more evenly distributed.
