A site about the most effective techniques to improve your memory, intelligence, and effectiveness. Built with a custom software stack, want to put more time into it soon.
Selection of posts:
· Adults learn faster than children: challenging a discouraging myth that children are suited for learning more than adults. (https://wetware.engineering/adult-learning)
I was pretty excited about this result until actually going through the quiz.
They give you so many hints, I don't think you can draw conclusions from this.
For example:
- In multiple videos an ape is eating, and another ape is trying to grab food out of their mouth. The options presented are like: "Give me that food" or "Move to a new position". Obviously the food is relevant.
- In multiple videos a larger ape presents its back to the other, while the smaller moves towards hopping on or grooming it. Clearly this is the "climb on my back" or "groom me" options.
In addition to providing a highlighted illustration, multiple choice, and slow-mo replays, it really just seems like this quiz was (intentional or not) designed to show an obvious positive result. Looking forward to better research on this.
From the article: “‘when we told participants a bit about what the apes were doing before, it did improve their understanding significantly but only by about 5 percent,’ she noted. ‘So it seems like the gestures themselves are really meaningful to people.’”
Can anyone explain these timelines better? Can we throw more money at this and scale much faster? Are safety/regulation considerations the main bottleneck?
This has gotta be one of the most important investments for humanity and our planet. Hard to fathom these timeline predictions in the same world where mRNA vaccines and various spacecraft have scaled in <1 year.
This has gotta be one of the most important investments for humanity and our planet.
If you think climate change is an existential threat, we should divert fusion research money into immediate construction of traditional nuclear power plants.
sure! There was $6.82 trillion in government spending in the US last year(defense was just over 10%). You could just redirect 1% and fully finance 10 new nuclear plants a year. But it is easier than that, the government could simply guarantee loans for any state or power company that wants to build. Make a model plant design that can be reproduced to reduce costs.
The main point is, if you aren't taking nuclear power seriously, you really aren't taking climate change seriously. Subsidizing Teslas for rich Californians is metaphorically rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.
I don't argue against any of that. Fusion does not have a path to "stop climate change". We have much faster acting options we can and should pursue.
The point I take exception with is diverting funding away from fusion. Fusion has a great many benefits. I argue these benefits are existential to our society in the 100-200 year timeframe.
Fusion is still at the phase of fundamental research in some areas, while others are in a sort of "engineering research".
Either way, it's actually hard to imagine fusion will ever be a promising power source, at least with any tech resembling what we know today. It is extremely complex technology living in proximity to extreme radiation bombardment and extreme temperature differences. A fusion reactor will need basically complete replacing every 20 years in the best possible conditions, assuming nothing goes wrong. Re-building the most expensive power plant in the world every decade or two is not likely to be a great way of powering your country.
Also, despite the common narrative, it requires an extremely rare fuel: tritium. Basically the only way to create tritium is to run a fission reactor, which negates the safety promises of fusion.
I think overall wind+solar+fission are a much better and safer investment in the future. Fusion is fine as an experiment progressing along in the background, but nowhere near as promising as it's made out to be.
Not an expert at all in this area, but my understanding was that CFS' design addresses the neutron bombardment problems and the tritium breeding problems by making the reactor smaller and enveloping it in some sort of molten salt. Because the wall is smaller, they plan on being able to replace the inner wall yearly via 3D printing.
Wind & solar are fine where they make sense (i.e. windy or particularly sunny places), though solar panel production depends on rare earth metals, and wind + solar at scale require huge land areas covered with panels or turbines. Fission is fine, but is expensive and has a serious regulatory hurdle to getting safer, modern designs up and running, and produces long-lived radioactive isotopes.
Anyway, I'm interested in all of the above. Any of them are better than fossil fuels, and some scale better than others.
> CFS' design addresses the neutron bombardment problems and the tritium breeding problems by making the reactor smaller and enveloping it in some sort of molten salt. Because the wall is smaller, they plan on being able to replace the inner wall yearly via 3D printing.
My understanding is that even these molten salt or molten lithium blankets can only catch some of the neutrons - so the magnets and other outer structures will still get neutron bombardment, and the tritium you can produce will not fully replace the tritium you put in. The once a decade or two replacement of the entire reactor number I heard was predicated on a shield like this - without a shield IT would probably be once every few years.
Note that I am not claiming wind, solar and fission don't have problems. It's just that they all seem to be much simpler problems than fusion has, fundamentally, even in the long run.
I'm not suggesting we shouldn't keep researching fusion technology, but I also don't think it can or should he treated as a priority, or as if once it's done it will solve all of our energy woes. It will take a huge amount of time even after the first actual plant is operational until fusion becomes in any way economical and widespread, with initial fixed costs that will make fission seem like chump change.
The LCOE of wind/solar is under natural gas, and sodium ion batteries will hit the market this year or next according to CATL press releases (always a grain of salt until you see the product on the market).
They are supposed to be half the cost of LFP.
And let's face it, nat gas / coal are effectively subsidized by ingrained government policy while they SHOULD be subject to a ten year escalating carbon tax.
Nuclear is still ... ok, it's on the high end of solar/wind deployments.
Perovskites may solve even more problems, but that hasn't really panned out like hoped, probably a ten year project.
Wind and solar don't require "huge areas of land". Well, not new land or land we need. There's a LOT of roofs everywhere. Residential power can be almost completely addressed with rooftop solar + storage, I haven't seen single family homes that need "more than the roof", and the excess can go to multifamily buildings.
Windmills can be offshore, or sticking out of farmland or nature preserves.
Utility solar can use deserts, there's plenty of that. I hate the hype about "green hydrogen" since it is a shadow play by oil companies to keep other "color" hydrogen sources which are invariably oil/gas.
Fusion should continue to get research dollars. We should be pursuing LFTR and other new gen fission.
But let's be real, no fission or fusion project initiated now will be ready in ten years, and no one can predict the price of solar/wind/storage in ten years. It won't drop like the previous ten years, but there is enough in the works that it will likely drop ... 50%?
I don't think new fission/fusion can be commercially planned until wind/solar/storage prices stabilize. It doesn't matter how cool a fusion reactor is if the energy it produces is 3x the cost of wind/solar.
I think the hardest thing to say about fusion is that the "it's always 20/30/40 years in the future" was always a technological commentary.
But now the new challenge even if they get a working plant in 20/30/40 years is "is it cheaper?"
Constant 3D printing reactor walls sounds like an expensive proposition. Granted I think the same strategies are in LFTR designs since the materials is hard there too. Liquid metal fusion and molten salts has all the materials engineering and endurance issues LFTR had. I guess fusion fuel is effectively liquid though, so they could just move the liquid to another generator while they "overhaul" the one that has neutron degradation. I figured if LFTR hit mainstream they would do the same: mass produce the reactors and then just move the fuel between them as they wear out, and then recondition the "spent reactor".
Can a LFTR expert comment on whether it can "burn"/breed/transmute/process most nuclear waste as usable fuel, or at least move the isotopes to other better isotope decay paths? LFTR is supposed to be able to use 99% of its thorium fuel without nuclear waste.
I think you're a bit too optimistic on solar deployment for residential areas. Sure, you're probably right in California, but Norway won't be powering their homes through roof-top panels.
Also, most people don't live in single family homes, they live in 30-100 family apartment blocs, where even at the equator there won't be enough roof space to power the whole building through solar.
Wind does have a massive land use problem as well (as does hydro). In most of the world outside the USA, there aren't huge swaths of unused land anywhere near residential or industrial areas.
Which is why for example France has green-lit 6 new fission reactors, and the EU in general is looking at declaring fission green energy to get the required subsidies. This is also why Germany, that went all in on wind and solar and even has a few days each year where the entire grid is running on wind+solar+hydro, still produces about twice the GHG as France (both total and per capita).
The author did not claim that Delta's origin was a lab leak. Just that there was one isolated case of it. And so it stands to reason, other lab leaks may also be occurring.
We should note you're talking about covered up lab leaks where all of the participants are conspiring to keep it secret because of convoluted motivations. It doesn't "stand to reason" that this happens at all, let alone is the normal case that we should all assume.
No, we're not talking about cover ups. We're talking about studying the virus and it escaping by accident. Also, there is a history of lab leaks so it stands to reason...
The title is "Lab Leak 2.0". The '1.0' is referring to the popular story about a covered up lab leak in China and the ensuing conspiracy to keep it all a secret.
· Became dominant strain in South Africa in like a week (way faster than Delta). Must be either a superspreader event, much more transmissible, or much more evasive of antibodies.
· No real data on that cause, and no evidence for increased lethality. Will find out in next 1-2 weeks probably. Decent chance this becomes dominant worldwide and US soon, but not clear if that will be a problem or not.
· The one worrying data we know is the variant has a lot more mutations than other variants, which would make it likely to evade vaccine/antibody treatments – but not necessarily the other kinds of treatments.
· WHO not recommending countries to limit travel. Also problematic that vaccines aren't updating for new variants, and good chance FDA will be the bottleneck there.
It’s a bit presumptuous that these folks don’t understand what makes markets work.
They went into quite a bit of detail but can’t cover everything. Most of the examples were quite top of funnel, fire the CEO markets, economic impacts of new laws being passed. I wouldn’t expect for major bills or companies there would be any shortage of liquidity there.
It’s typical of comments in any forum to mostly be critical, but what takes more guts and cleverness is to connect the dots to improve upon the idea. You seem to have a good mind so I’d encourage you to try applying it in that way.
Bit presumptuous to assume I have not been involved with the creation of markets, trading, etc. I have seen stuff work as well as fail up close in large arenas. [Edit: sorry, I should not snark. You are right that criticizing is easy creation is not.]
Going from academic ideas of markets and experiments to actual deep and useful markets is surprisingly difficult.
EDIT: the failure to create proper working markets for GDP-linked derivatives is good example of something that should but actually ain't. Not enough market making risk takers, limited hedges, unbalanced demand between long and short demand, index issues, ...
I didn’t assume that of you at all, I actually had assumed the opposite and that you had experience in the area.
I agree it would be challenging to have deep and useful markets, but perhaps there’s more innovation to be made there — and many of these high level markets that are top of public consciousness I’d expect to have plenty of liquidity.
A site about the most effective techniques to improve your memory, intelligence, and effectiveness. Built with a custom software stack, want to put more time into it soon.
Selection of posts:
· Adults learn faster than children: challenging a discouraging myth that children are suited for learning more than adults. (https://wetware.engineering/adult-learning)
· A new curriculum: The topics we fail to emphasize in school. Was on HN front page for a bit. (https://wetware.engineering/curriculum)
· Everyday memory palaces: How to increase your memory by orders of magnitude, and apply that in daily life (https://wetware.engineering/memory-palaces)
· How to draw a 4D hypercube: Wrap your mind around higher dimensions. (https://wetware.engineering/hypercube)