It always comes down to how well you can ventilate. If you can open windows / doors to different sides of a house / building there is usually some natural air flow, and the stronger it is, the faster it will bring CO2 levels down. In the apartment here it can be less than 5 minutes to have CO2 levels to ambient levels, but it also takes longer if the air is "standing" even outside. For that you will need active ventilation then, clearly, same for having windows to the same side of the building only etc.
There is also another thing: In multi-tenant buildings you may have others airing out their apartments which means you will not get ambient levels, but elevated ones due to added CO2 from the other apartment(s). For example, I see >500 ppm CO2 then. Also, even the ambient levels are not always the same; I have seen values between 416 and 432 ppm depending on the day, wind, and other factors (living in a larger city).
I wouldn't even be surprised if that systemic issue was known already via smaller incidents and at least one person who pointed that out but got shoved to the wayside because "too expensive" or similar nonsense that is being thrown at them.
I used a primitive setup: Flashlight mounted on camera and "guided" to the back of the negative, so not even remote flashlight because I didn't have that for the camera. I used Darktable for the conversion process and there were 3 key points: Exposing the negative to fully exploit the RAW channels of the camera, setting a proper black and white point in the conversion process, apply white balance as needed and maybe manually tune the green/magenta slider a bit. Usually, if all that went well, I received pretty clean results. If something got botched in the process, I would see the same noise as the top right image shows. As the article notes the resulting dynamic range is really low then, which makes noise pop out. Noise is also in the bottom right example image, but the larger resulting DR (and downscaling) hides it well enough.
They also have lens sets which have the same external form factor regardless of focal length (i.e. makes it easy to swap, use same filters, etc.) and the lenses are made so the color reproduction of each one in a set is the same as well. And going further "to the source" it also plays into the (artificial) lighting used and so on. Which is why all that stuff is so expensive to begin with.
East Germany ceased to exist in 1990. One of the glasses also shows the Mitropa label: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitropa but it was used on a broader scale.
I wouldn't assume that all these "assets" of bars, pubs, Mitropa etc. were for example sold off, i.e. you can expect quite a big number being dumped/destroyed, aside of the numbers that went into wear and tear until 1990 in the first place.
There is a lot of stuff that was ubiquitous during the time of East Germany and went poof pretty fast after the wall came down, usually into the dumpster in one way or another.
It is all about metrics and how you bend them to whatever you prefer. However, the more this deviates from actual reality, the more likely reality will eventually show up and bust the show in the most horrible way possible.
The problem at hand is not one of monopoly, but of awareness of what is actual infrastructure and what is not. More and more systems enter the gray area towards becoming full blown infrastructure, but at the same time nothing is done to increase their reliability accordingly. Worse, the ever increasing complexity also hides an increasing number of weak spots in the systems. This incident shows exactly that, but just look at the comments ... it is NOT the wake-up call it needs to be, the discussions are going sideways in all sorts of directions, even among those who should see the things for what they are.
This whole system was aimed at minimizing the infection rates between students which you won't solve by just opening the windows. Imagine you have some smoker indoors: How do you transport off that cancer inducing poisonous cloud without distributing it in the whole place?
Plus in Germany there are quite a few schools located directly at heavily used streets, so just opening windows will not exactly give you really fresh air (I mean, it will lower the CO2, but otherwise its going from one bad state into another), plus it increases the noise levels considerably.
And yes, ACs are still uncommon in Germany. In return, most buildings, including suburb style homes, are not just made from cardboard. This means the buildings have a lot of thermal inertia which can be used to manage heat during hotter phases.
- 8088 mph demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHXx3orN35Y
- Area 5150 demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWDxdoRTZPc
- Stormlord (game, 1989): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmDJt1etzRE (unfortunately doesn't keep intro screen around for long)
- A nice video explaining PC speaker with examples (also features Chronos from ZX Spectrum): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jD4m9JvLy2Y
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