It’s everybody. Politicians lobby for breaks for their constituency, as well as increasing taxes to raise revenue. Companies lobby for breaks for their industry. Issue groups lobby for breaks (or taxes) to encourage behaviours they want to see. Even the poor do this, albeit typically via unions or other collective means.
This isn’t going to be a popular comment, yet, it has to be said because it is painfully obvious reality escapes some.
Here it goes:
The poor do not elevate the poor out of poverty.
If you want to chip away at poverty you have to create incentives for entrepreneurs, investors, business people and, yes, the rich, to engage in favorable economic activity. One of the simplest ways to do this is through the tax code. As much as I hate using taxation to promote behavior, that’s the best way we know so far.
We have lifted more people out of poverty through these methods than any other way.
Be careful what you wish for, because government has never, in the history of humanity, elevated the poor. Quite to the contrary.
For one, taxes are levied by governments not the free market. China has lifted 800 million out of poverty and wasn't because they all of a sudden decided to collectively pull their bootstraps. The free market is what doesn't alleviate poverty, quite the opposite.
> China has lifted 800 million out of poverty and wasn't because they all of a sudden decided to collectively pull their bootstraps.
The disconnect in what you are implying here is astounding.
China elevated massive numbers of people out of poverty precisely because they turned violently capitalistic and entrepreneurial when it comes to business, far more so than likely any other society on the planet. The main decision their government made was to get the heck out of the way.
I can understand that people who might not do business directly with Chinese companies likely lack an understanding of what things look like. Well, I do, have been for decades. I am sad to say doing business with Chinese companies can be massively easier than with US companies. The entrepreneurial spirit and drive in China is incredibly strong and refreshing to watch. You actually want to do business with them because they want to get things done.
If you think government has the power to raise 800 million people out of poverty in complete isolation of a massive step change in business activity you don't have even the most fundamental understanding of economics.
This is one of the most perplexing things I continue to experience on HN. This is a Y-combinator related forum. You'd think people voicing opinions here would have a modicum of business and economics chops. You'd think that, at the very least, they would devote a bit of time to doing simple math before forming opinions. And yet, what you see here time and time again are comments such as yours, which reveal a deep disconnect between even the most basic understanding of how the world operates and the importance of business.
FDR’s New Deal certainly helped a lot of poor people in the USA, as did the roll out of the welfare state and NHS in the UK, and pensions in Germany.
That said, government intervention is not sufficient. It must come with structural improvements, and not just be free handouts. And too much help can also be counter-productive by crowding out the very thing it’s trying to nurture.
> FDR’s New Deal certainly helped a lot of poor people in the USA
Not quite. As is usually the case with such programs, people tend to form opinions based on what is easily and externally visible. Reality isn't every that simple. The truth of the matter is that the not-easily-visible aspects of this plan harmed the poor and middle class for decades. Yes, lots of people were busy, but, no, it didn't elevate millions out of poverty and into the middle class.
This article touches the surface of some of the issues:
Reality is not described by a single variable, it is a complex multivariate problem. A program that promises more jobs is never without consequences. The details are always in the unseen variables that don't make it into political speeches or headlines. Nobody talks about them, and yet, that's where reality lies.
If you give a starving person food so that they might live, and then the number of people who depend on free food goes up, did you do a good thing? That's an ethical question with no "right" answer.
I suspect most libertarians and those who lean to the right would say "no, you saved one person but weakened the system as a whole, and thus you have created more hungry people". Whereas socialists and those who lean to the left would say "yes, because saving a human life when you can is always a good thing".
As I see it, the biggest problem in modern society is that we've stopped respecting the right for everybody to have their own view on issues like that, and instead come to believe that "the other" is so wrong that they must be corrected at all costs. I believe the Cato Institute is just as guilty of that as AOC's horde of Twitter followers.
> The poor do not elevate the poor out of poverty.
What a bizarre, paternalistic take. This is the same sort of narcissistic logic that led to Reagan's golden showers^W^W trickle-down economics.
I mean, I agree about entrepeneurs. Historically, the thing that has lifted communities out of poverty has been entrepeneurs in that community that contribute back to it. In other words, the poor very much elevate the poor out of poverty.
The rest of your comment (e.g. "and, yes, the rich") is just weird apologetics for people that don't need it, and can pay for it anyways, so why are you wasting your time doing it for free?
Really? I can understand if the truth might be offensive to you...yet that doesn't mean it isn't true or that the statement is mean-spirited or paternalistic.
Try to start a company without money and see how well it goes. I mean, you are reading this an a forum run by Y Combinator. Easy questions: In the history of humanity, how many sizeable companies were financed and launched by the poor? I think the number is pretty close to zero. In the context of the history of business, less than a rounding error.
> Historically, the thing that has lifted communities out of poverty has been entrepeneurs in that community that contribute back to it.
This is a fantasy. The best you are going to get in this scenario are a smattering of small businesses that will produce low and mid skill jobs and low wages. While it does happen, the percentage of these businesses that make it big is but a rounding error. There are examples, like the pizza joint of fast food restaurant that went national. Think places like Dominos and McDonalds. Rare, very rare, and we might even argue about who they actually elevated and where. Most local businesses remain small mom-and-pop entities incapable of elevating communities, as you put it, out of poverty. There are entire towns we can use as examples of how what you say simply does not work.
> In other words, the poor very much elevate the poor out of poverty.
No. Save very rare corner cases, the only way you elevate large numbers of people out of poverty is through massive external investments. This means people or companies with money come into a town and make very large investments that results in large numbers of jobs as well as opportunities to ascend through the ranks.
Please post a link to a business school study that explains how a 100% poor community without external investment elevated itself into the middle class. Since you say that this is "historically" the case, there ought to be thousands of such studies for you to pull from, hundreds, certainly. All I want is one.
They really don't. You're misusing the word "lobby".
Churches and charities don't lobby politically for poor people, they take them on as a righteous burden to bear. Some churches and charities are even used as tax breaks for rich people.
Unions used to, to some degree. They've mostly been neutered and have very limited political capital.
That’s a “no true Scotsman” argument if ever I’ve heard one. You can’t say nobody helps the poor, then disparage the significant amount of help people do give.
I belong to a church, and the minister frequently represents vulnerable people in the local community to politicians. He’s also sponsored by the church to attend events campaigning on behalf of low-paid people in the UK. And we contribute to a fund which publishes articles and runs events to raise awareness about homelessness.
If that doesn’t count as lobbying for people then I don’t know what does. I do wish it were more effective.
It's not a "no true Scotsman" argument because "help" is a vague term to begin with.
Lots of churches say nice things while extracting maximum revenue from their congregation. Can you point to any actual political changes that have occurred as a result, or is it just some nice words?
I get the feeling I could write a long list with everything religious groups have done to help the poor - from the abolition of slavery, to Sikh Gurudwaras providing food, to groups like “Christians Against Poverty” campaigning against excessive interest on payday loans - but somehow none of that would count.
I got a tax benefit semi-recently by buying an electric car, about $7500. It was the largest I've ever gotten. Compare that to one small crumb of Trump's tax deductions that was covered by the New York Times. A $70k tax deduction for hair styling.
It's just not the same. Wealth gives you an outsized influence on politics, which lets you accumulate more wealth, at a faster rate than those poorer than you.
Every celebrity hires armies of people to look after them. They sell their image and likeness. Everything about their public appearance is part of their business. In this context, paying $70K for a hair stylist is not different from paying $70K for a personal trainer, beautician, tanning service, nail service, massage, etc. Their business has expenses and parameters not found in other businesses.
I pay a service to come clean our office, CNC and electronics manufacturing shop. This becomes a deduction. Trump, Bill Maher or Dua Lipa don't have that deduction. They have stuff like hair and clothing.
I have a friend who is a real estate agent. Part of his tax deduction profile includes such things as washing and detailing his car as well as some allocation for clothing. My wife is a doctor, she gets to deduct work clothing, safety equipment, seminars and other business expenses.
Yes, the tax code is a rotten mess. I agree with this 100%. I would much rather have a nominal flat tax and no deductions of any kind for anyone. Our current tax code wasn't the result of a conspiracy to benefit the rich. It's the result of decades of pushing and pulling by a bunch of different groups, each with a different objective.
Where the little guy gets screwed is that the individual has very few deductions, while businesses have tons. That's the bottom line. This has nothing to do with the rich. You can go form an LLC today --HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!-- and access deductions you could not as an individual. None of these deductions have "rich person" written on them. All you need is an LLC, which isn't that expensive or difficult to create. And all you need to be a business is to sell a few items per year on eBay (or whatever).
Simple example: I can deduct business mileage use of a vehicle when going to see clients. An individual can't deduct miles driven to and from work. I think this is wrong. Yet, again, it has nothing to do with benefiting the rich, you don't have to be rich to have access to these deductions, you just have to be on the side of the tax code that enables access to them. If you are puzzled by the possibilities, talk to a tax accountant and ask them if you would benefit from forming an LLC and, if you did, how you should use it.
In sane countries, the "popular view" holds, as it should. Not so much in the US, though. The IRS knows how much I make, I want them to send me a form that says "we think you made this much, if that's true and you have no fancy deductions, sign here".
Then I just sign a form and return it instead of slogging through the bullshit that Intuit et al has lobbied for.
When using tooling that accepts YAML (or JSON) configuration, I always want something to say "this is what you can write that will have an effect".
As a specific example, when I'm writing a snapcraft.yaml, I want to be able to view a schema to see what all I can put in there. What's important is that the schema is actually used by snapcraft itself for validation, otherwise it's no better than the rest of the snapcraft documentation, which is pretty meh. Schemas are also easy to digest for other tooling, so e.g. my editor can automatically highlight when I make a mistake, without having to specifically write a plugin for each tool that accepts JSON/YAML
You cannot seriously be trying to advocate for hospitals being run with unvaccinated staff.
> We treated your asthma attack, sorry about the covid that you got while you were here, hope those two things don't affect each other
I have to agree with the other commenter that you're either not arguing in good faith, or you're so blindly ideologically driven that you've thrown basic reasoning skills out the window.
THC is still illegal at the federal level, if that's what you mean. The federal government is just being dragged kicking and screaming into sanity by individual states that are legalizing it.
I think you're looking in the wrong places. I recently bought a nice bike for $600 that worked great on a 100 mile ride. If I hadn't gone to the fancy, trendy bike co-op, it probably would've been cheaper.
> But 10 years out it's not entirely implausible that if Rust had stuck with fibers that it may have driven the required OS improvements ...
Rust would've been a language nobody had heard of. It wouldn't have driven anyone to do anything because it wouldn't have had widespread adoption in the first place. As-is I'm using it in embedded programming and loving it. I certainly would never have picked Go for that.
I think you're not really understanding Rust's approach here. Green threads would be much too heavyweight to build into the language itself, and would mostly preclude it from being seriously used in interesting domains like embedded programming.
Since I can't edit the above comment, one additional thought is that your criticism is valid for a language like Python, which has a much higher tolerance for abstractions such as green threads being built into the language itself. It would've been interesting if Python had gone with a solution other than async/await.
I'm also a little confused when you say "Rust started with green threading/fibers". I think the term "fiber" is overloaded here, but Rust did start with green threads (M:N preemptive multitasking). Rust now has support for cooperative multitasking via async/await. From what I can find of UCMG, it kind of misuses the term fiber. Looks like it's just green threads that the kernel is aware of?
I'll admit that I like Rust, but this seems like an odd take to me. "Not distracting me with type errors" seems directly at odds with "safer overall", especially for a missile launching system. That sounds like a recipe for "Whoops, there goes New York, but at least the code looked nice".
I would interested in seeing an example of what sort of type errors you mean. IME, the Rust compiler does a great job of catching actual mistakes in the type system, such as with Send/Sync. It also pretty easily lets you tell the compiler "no, I know what I'm doing" and say "unsafe impl Send for Foo {}" to do it anyways.
IDK, I think this quote from your link sums up my attitude towards that:
> Linked lists are as niche and vague of a data structure as a trie. Few would balk at me claiming a trie is a niche structure that your average programmer could happily never learn in an entire productive career -- and yet linked lists have some bizarre celebrity status. We teach every undergrad how to write a linked list. It's the only niche collection I couldn't kill from std::collections. It's the list in C++!
> We should all as a community say no to linked lists as a "standard" data structure. It's a fine data structure with several great use cases, but those use cases are exceptional, not common.
I have never in my professional career used or to my knowledge relied upon a singly-linked list, to say nothing of a doubly-linked list. That feels like picking something to be contrarian, not because it exemplifies a good case of where Rust is too strict. Just use a Vec? It's way more performant anyways.
> It is based on incentivizing behavior through tax breaks/credits.
Who do you think has time and money to spend lobbying for new tax breaks to their benefit? Hint: it's not the poor