Obviously a country over 50x bigger is going to emit more CO2. At a minimum, they need to cook 50x more food, which they do with inefficient biomass or coal stoves.
Be careful what you wish for: economic growth in Africa is going to come directly at the expense of the local and international environment, in the form of land clearance and coal and oil emissions.
Africa desperately needs to stabilise its population, so that it can focus on infrastructure and capital deepening. The West can help by redirecting all food aid instead towards education, contraception and abortion for women.
1. Could you please explain the connection between economic growth and the population problem a little more?
I would expect economic development to gradually cause a decline in birth rates? Is there a GDP marker where delta GDP > delta population?
As far as overpopulation, the entire continent of Africa has roughly the same population (1.3b) as India with ~9x the land area so the absolute population density is not dire.
2. If you look at carbon emissions per capita, African countries are relatively carbon neutral. Ethiopia relies mostly on renewable energy and they are also building the largest hydroelectric power plant on the continent. I would expect younger economies to “leap frog” to cleaner and greener tech, having polluted less in total (than countries before them) by the time they attain middle income status.
Sounds like a surviving version of Victorian "blame the victim" thinking. It was a popular and heavily flawed idea that the people the British invaded and robbed (of food in many cases), if faced with food shortages, should have just "had less kids".
When a parasite finds a good host, the logic can get really warped.
Interesting it doesn't mention the test dummy was modeled after Rosie the Riveter, and they are all feminist power for the flight, going so far as to pose for this photo:
You'll be getting a headache from the excess CO2 buildup with the windows closed.
If you want to effectively control and monitor indoor pollutants, you also need to buy a CO2+PM2.5 portable monitor. They cost about $80 on Aliexpress.
The problem I have with the 2S is that the button clicks are really noisy - I had to swap out to another mouse in my office, since the noise was just too great.
Where antibiotics are handed out without prescription and people live in squalid conditions.
"70 percent of salmonella infections in Kenya had stopped responding to the most widely available antibiotics, up from 45 percent in the early 2000s."
"Even when the drugs are authentic, many poor Kenyans try to save money by buying just a few tablets instead of the full course — not enough to vanquish an infection but enough to allow bacteria to mutate and gain resistance."
The current population of Kenya is 50m, forecast to increase to 95m by 2050, and 156m by 2100.
Kenya also currently has the scientific output of Serbia, a country 14% the size. Its likely that Kenya will continue to import drugs developed in advanced nations, and internally produce only antibiotic resistance.
SO I do a little work in Kenya, and it's really hard there. Because you do have rampant resistance, but you also have lack of drug availability - especially in rural parts of Kenya.
We've got some data suggesting there that stewardship is, relatively speaking, less impactful there than decreases in transmission. Because the environment is heavily contaminated, which is itself conducive to the spread of resistance.
In the US these restrictions are usually tied to nearby cities. The larger but sparsely populated unincorporated areas don't require (or have) utilities.
73.9% of H1B visas are given to Indians, 79.2% of those Indians are males.
The solution is to require at least 50% of all H1B recipients, from all countries, to be female.
High levels of Indian and Chinese migration also produce secondary effects, as families from those communities still carry out sex-selective abortion even into the 2nd and 3rd generations: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133054/
Ethiopia has a population of 105 million, yet it has the gross scientific output of Latvia, a country of only 1.92 million:
https://www.natureindex.com/country-outputs/generate/All/glo...
What is growing is CO2 emissions, at 14.9 million tonnes. By contrast, Latvia emits only 8 million tonnes.
On a per-CO2 basis, Latvia is twice as efficient as Ethiopia in producing science. On a per-capita basis, Latvia is 55x as efficient.
The situation is the same across the world when you compare countries populated by Europeans or East-Asians against everyone else.