The difference there being that a bullet's velocity is significantly increased by the gun, not simply redirected.
The problem of intercepting an asteroid heading towards you is exactly the same problem as intercepting an asteroid heading along any other orbit. Again, if you can redirect an asteroid, you can redirect an asteroid.
A more apt analogy would be a sword fight, where the counter to someone swinging their sword is swinging your own sword to redirect it.
Good point, but I am not ready to concede. (At least not fully)
Important limitation can be earlyness of detection, and equipment delivery/deployment speed, and redirection rate/speed.
Attacker could work with slow equipment deployment and redirection rate (maybe take years), but defender will need certain ratios between detection esrlyness and speedy deployment of equipment to start the deflection.
And if I’m mr Evil, I would pass the commet through some gravity assists to increase the speed - to bring the example closer to the bullet case.