I think I did. I'm not familiar with ConTeXt. And maybe there are a handful of others I found here [0]: as you can tell, I don't know much about the ecosystem.
Still they all seem to be described as "a system of TeX macros". Is there scope for a language that offers as different an experience to LaTeX as, say, Scala to Java or Clojurescript to Javascript?
In ConTeXt many people use mainly lua for scripting. Not strongly typed but still an improvement. After the initial struggle ConTeXt also feels more integrated than just a system of TeX macros but that's just my opinion.
At one point patoline had promising future (ocaml is nice) but nowadays it's neither widely used nor under active development.
Many people, including me, use Pandoc. The markup is simpler (extended Markdown), but, more importantly, you can compile it to a variety of other markups, so it lets you repurpose your documents. And if you need more detailed control than Pandoc allows, you can embed raw LaTeX (or html). You can also extend Pandoc by writing your own “filters,”¹ which means you can sort of create your own markup language. Is something like that what you had in mind?