I think mainly warranty, although other posters are saying enterprise drives have capacitors to help with writing during power loss. I'd have thought a good battery backed raid controller would handle this but "enterprise"="belt and braces" so I can see why a lot of businesses pay the extra.
Sorry, late to reply! The warranty differences are things like with enterprise they'll send you a new one as soon as the SMART data suggests it's going to fail. Consumer is usually you post it back and they send you a new one.
If you actually read the specification on consumer drives you'll see they're "guaranteed" for like 100 rewrites and you don't have any right to anything if they fail.
But what else is different?