It's funny, because I never realized TV in Europe had those differences (and I watched some of it)
Cable is basically subscription TV (like Virgin Media in the UK and some countries, Canal+ in France, in Germany they have KabelDeutschland, UPC in the Netherlands, SKY via sattelite, etc)
Network is a channel basically (BBC might also be considered a network since it's a collection of channels with the same owner, but you have France 1/2, etc, ARD, ZDF, ProSieben in Germany, SkyNews in the UK)
The difference in the US/Canada (and other countries in the American continent) is that usually you have some local programming (State/Province/City level). So you usually have a local news program dealing with, for example, State News (this also happens in Brazil and some other LATAM countries). And you bet the local low-quality ads happen everywhere (but not necessarily go to the TV)
Regional content is definitely a thing in the UK - with regional ITV franchises and things like BBC Scotland - they do "local" news items in additional to national news and produce local content.
I think things are different these days with the multitude of channels available on digital but in the old days you definitely did get different content hence the "Except for viewers in Scotland" notice that you'd often see on interesting programs.
Cable is basically subscription TV (like Virgin Media in the UK and some countries, Canal+ in France, in Germany they have KabelDeutschland, UPC in the Netherlands, SKY via sattelite, etc)
Network is a channel basically (BBC might also be considered a network since it's a collection of channels with the same owner, but you have France 1/2, etc, ARD, ZDF, ProSieben in Germany, SkyNews in the UK)
The difference in the US/Canada (and other countries in the American continent) is that usually you have some local programming (State/Province/City level). So you usually have a local news program dealing with, for example, State News (this also happens in Brazil and some other LATAM countries). And you bet the local low-quality ads happen everywhere (but not necessarily go to the TV)