Here's an example from 2018 of someone trying to extract secrets from a Yubikey. https://duo.com/labs/research/microcontroller-firmware-recov.... Seems they don't get very far. Or it's at least very laborious. But as you say, who knows what a cutting edge lab can do. Skimming the web, it seems like people have had more success with things like Google Titan keys.
It might not be exactly what you're looking for but I stumbled upon this video by Sebastian Lague the other day: https://youtu.be/hfMk-kjRv4c
As someone who's only ever dabbled into minimaxir's GPT-2 packages this was an extremely approachable exploration (and explanation) of how a neural network works. I can't recommend it enough.
I've yet to break into this one (I've seen it recommended so many times on HN). I'm no network engineer, but networking is a lot of fun for me and I enjoy learning about how it all works. High Performance Browser Networking[0] was one of my favorite books on this topic. Very approachable, even to complete beginner. I suspect that Beej's guide is a bit more low level and I look forward to that!